Clinical characteristics of definite vestibular migraine diagnosed according to criteria jointly formulated by the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society

Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical features of patients with definite vestibular migraine (dVM). Methods: A total of 91 patients with vestibular symptoms accompanied by migraines/migrainelike symptoms were enrolled and diagnosed according to the criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. Baseline data were collected. Videonystagmography and immune-related laboratory tests were performed. Results: Among the 91 patients, 62 (68.1%) had dVM (11 men, 51 women). Among dVM patients, migraine occurred earlier than vestibular symptoms in 42 (67.7%) patients. Spontaneous vertigo occurred in 41 (66.1%) patients. Induced vertigo occurred in 21 (33.9%) patients. Motion sickness occurred in 33 (53.2%) patients. Central oculomotor dysfunction was observed in 11 (17.7%) patients. Caloric test revealed unilateral horizontal semicircular canal dysfunction in 12 (19.4%) patients. Severe intolerance during the test occurred in 44 (71.0%) patients with dVM. 12 (19.4%) patients showed abnormal immune-related indicators. Conclusion: dVM is more common in women. The onset of migraine precedes that of vestibular symptoms, which are often accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. Motion sickness and severe caloric test intolerance can contribute to the diagnosis of dVM. Immunological indicators are abnormal in some patients with dVM, dVM may be secondary or an accompanying disorder, but the causal relationship needs further investigation. Level of evidence: IV.

Clinical characteristics of patients with multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / Características clínicas de pacientes com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal

Abstract Introduction Multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is considered to be a rare and controversial type in the new diagnostic guidelines of Bárány because the nystagmus is more complicated or atypical, which is worthy of further study. Objective Based on the diagnostic criteria for multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo proposed by International Bárány Society, the study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Methods A total of 41 patients with multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were included and diagnosed by Roll, Dix-Hallpike and straight head hanging tests. Manual reduction was performed according to the involvement of semicircular canals. Results Among the 41 cases, 19 (46.3%) patients showed vertical up-beating nystagmus with or without torsional component and geotropic, apogeotropic horizontal nystagmus, and were diagnosed with posterior-horizontal canal. 11 (26.8%) patients showed vertical up-beating nystagmus with torsional component on one side and vertical down-beating nystagmus with or without torsional component on the other side during Dix-Hallpike test or straight head hanging test and were diagnosed with posterior-anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo 9 (26.8%) patients showed vertical down-beating nystagmus with or without torsional component and geotropic, apogeotropic horizontal nystagmus, and were diagnosed with anterior-horizontal canal 2 (4.9%) patients showed vertical geotropic torsional up-beating nystagmus on both sides and were diagnosed with bilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. High correlation between the sides with reduced vestibular function or hearing loss and the side affected by Multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was revealed (contingency coefficient = 0.602, p = 0.010). During one-week follow up, nystagmus/vertigo has been significantly alleviated or disappeared in 87.8% (36/41) patients. Conclusion Posterior-horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was the most common type. Multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo involving anterior canal was also not uncommon. Caloric tests and pure tone audiometry may help in the determination of the affected side. Manual reduction was effective in most of Multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients.

Resumo Introdução A vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal é considerada um tipo raro e controverso nas novas diretrizes de diagnóstico da Bárány Society, porque o nistagmo é mais complicado ou atípico, o que é digno de mais estudos. Objetivo Com base nos critérios diagnósticos para a vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal proposta pela International Bárány Society, o estudo teve como objetivo investigar as características clínicas, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal. Método Foram incluídos 41 pacientes com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal e diagnosticados pelo teste de Dix-Hallpike, roll test ou e teste straight head hanging A redução manual foi feita de acordo com o envolvimento dos canais semicirculares. Resultados Entre os 41 casos, 19 (46,3%) pacientes apresentaram nistagmo de batimento ascendente vertical com ou sem componente de torção e nistagmo horizontal apogeotrópico e geotrópico e foram diagnosticados com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna de canal horizontal-posterior. Onze (26,8%) pacientes apresentaram nistagmo vertical de batimento ascendente com componente de torção de um lado e nistagmo vertical de batimento descendente com ou sem componente de torção do outro lado durante o teste de Dix-Hallpike ou teste straight head hanging e foram diagnosticados com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna do canal posterior-anterior. Nove (26,8%) pacientes apresentaram nistagmo vertical com batimento descendente com ou sem componente de torção e nistagmo horizontal apogeotrópico e geotrópico e foram diagnosticados com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna de canal anterior-horizontal. Dois (4,9%) pacientes apresentaram nistagmo de torção geotrópico vertical de batimento ascendente em ambos os lados e foram diagnosticados com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna de canal posterior bilateral. Foi revelada alta correlação entre os lados com função vestibular reduzida ou perda auditiva e o lado afetado pela vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal (coeficiente de contingência = 0,602, p = 0,010). Durante o seguimento de uma semana, o nistagmo/vertigem foi significativamente aliviado ou desapareceu em 87,8% (36/41) dos pacientes. Conclusões A vertigem posicional paroxística benigna de canal horizontal e posterior foi o tipo mais comum. A vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal que envolveu canal anterior também não foi incomum. Testes calóricos e audiometria tonal pura podem ajudar na determinação do lado afetado. A redução manual foi eficaz na maioria dos pacientes com vertigem posicional paroxística benigna multicanal.

Potentially modifiable predictors for renal replacement therapy in patients with cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury: a propensity score-matched case-control study

Abstract Objective: To discover potentially modifiable perioperative predictors for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Methods: A cohort of 1773 consecutive cardiac surgery patients with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) from January 2013 to December 2015 were included retrospectively. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The primary outcome was CSA-AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT). The initiation of RRT was based on clinical judgment regarding severe volume overload, metabolic abnormality (e.g., acidosis, hyperkalemia), and oliguria. Patients with AKI-RRT were matched 1:1 with patients without AKI-RRT by a propensity score, to exclude the influence of patients' demographics, comorbidities, and baseline renal function. Multivariable regression was performed to identify the predictors in the matched sample. Results: AKI-RRT occurred in 4.4% of the entire cohort (n=78/1773), with 28.2% of in-hospital mortality (n=22/78). With the propensity score, 78 pairs of patients were matched 1:1 and the variables found to be predictors of AKI-RRT included the contrast exposure within 3 days before surgery (odds ratio [OR]=2.932), central venous pressure (CVP) >10 mmHg on intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR=1.646 per mmHg increase), and erythrocyte transfusions on the 1st day of surgery (OR=1.742 per unit increase). Conclusion: AKI-RRT is associated with high mortality. The potentially modifiable predictors found in this study require concern and interventions to prevent CSA-AKI patients from worsening prognosis.

Validation of four prediction scores for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury in chinese patients

Abstract Objective: To assess the clinical value of four models for the prediction of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) and severe AKI which renal replacement therapy was needed (RRT-AKI) in Chinese patients. Methods: 1587 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the department of cardiac surgery in the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, between January 2013 and December 2013 were enrolled in this research. Evaluating the predicting value for cardiac surgery-associated AKI (AKICS score) and RRT-AKI (Cleveland score, SRI and Mehta score) by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for the calibration and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the discrimination. Results: Based on 2012 KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) AKI definition, the incidence of AKI and RRT-AKI was 37.4% (594/1587) and 1.1% (18/1587), respectively. The mortality of AKI and RRT-AKI was 6.1% (36/594) and 66.7% (12/18), respectively, while the total mortality was 2.8% (44/1587). The discrimination (AUROC=0.610) for the prediction of CSA-AKI of AKICS was low, while the calibration (x2=7.55, P=0.109) was fair. For the prediction of RRT-AKI, the discrimination of Cleveland score (AUROC=0.684), Mehta score (AUROC=0.708) and SRI (AUROC=0.622) were not good; while the calibration of them were fair (Cleveland score x2=1.918, P=0.166; Mehta score x2=9.209, P=0.238; SRI x2=2.976, P=0.271). Conclusion: In our single-center study, based upon valve surgery dominant and less diabetes mellitus patients, according to KDIGO AKI definition, the predictive value of the four models, combining discrimination and calibration, for respective primary event, were not convincible.

Whole-genome sequencing of a Plasmodium vivax isolate from the China-Myanmar border area

Currently, there is a trend of an increasing number of Plasmodium vivaxmalaria cases in China that are imported across its Southeast Asia border, especially in the China-Myanmar border area (CMB). To date, little is known about the genetic diversity of P. vivaxin this region. In this paper, we report the first genome sequencing of a P. vivaxisolate (CMB-1) from a vivax malaria patient in CMB. The sequencing data were aligned onto 96.43% of the P. vivaxSalvador I reference strain (Sal I) genome with 7.84-fold coverage as well as onto 98.32% of 14 Sal I chromosomes. Using the de novoassembly approach, we generated 8,541 scaffolds and assembled a total of 27.1 Mb of sequence into CMB-1 scaffolds. Furthermore, we identified all 295 known virgenes, which is the largest subtelomeric multigene family in malaria parasites. These results provide an important foundation for further research onP. vivaxpopulation genetics.

Association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel disease patients with ileostomy / Associação entre deficiência de vitamina D e anemia em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal submetidos a ileostomia

ABSTRACTBackground:Vitamin D deficiency is commonly seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D deficiency in IBD patients with ileostomy has not been systemically studied. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and risk factors associated with low 25(OH) D3 levels in those patients.Methods:112 eligible IBD patients with ileostomy were studied. Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic variables were analyzed. Vitamin D levels before and after ileostomy were compared when available. Levels of serum 25(OH)D3 <20 ng/mL were classed as being deficient.Results:112 eligible ileostomy patients were included. The mean vitamin D level was 21.47 ± 1.08 ng/dl. Low levels of vitamin D (<30 ng/dl) were present in 92 patients (82%). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/dL) was seen in 55 patients (49%). There was no difference between patients with or without vitamin D deficiency regarding demographic variables, medication use and duration of ileostomy. Neo-ileal inflammation on endoscopy was not associated with vitamin D deficiency (p= 0.155). Lower levels of phosphorus (p= 0.020) or hemoglobin (p= 0.019) and shorter duration of IBD (p= 0.047) were found in patients with vitamin D deficiency. In multivariate analysis, lower levels of phosphorus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-2.89, p= 0.009) and hemoglobin (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08-1.60, p= 0.006) remained significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency.Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency is common in IBD patients with ileostomy and is associated with low hemoglobin levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate vitamin D supplementation as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of anemia of chronic disease in IBD patients.

RESUMOIntrodução:A deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal submetidos a ileostomia não foi estudada sistematicamente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a frequência e os fatores de risco associados com a deficiência de vitamina D nesses pacientes.Resultados:112 pacientes elegíveis foram incluídos. A média dos níveis de vitamina D na população estudada foi de 21.47 ± 1.08 ng/dl. Níveis de vitamina D abaixo do normal (<30 ng/dl) e deficiência de vitamina D (<20 ng/dL) foram encontrados em 92 pacientes (82%) e em 55 pacientes (49%) respectivamente. Encontrou-se uma associação entre deficiência de vitamina D e níveis mais baixos de fosforo (p = 0.020), hemoglobina (p = 0.019) e duração da doença inflamatória intestinal (p = 0.047). Na análise multivariada, níveis mais baixos de fósforo (odds ratio [OR]: 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-2.89, p = 0.009) e hemoglobina (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08-1.60, p = 0.006) permaneceram associados com deficiência de vitamina D.Conclusão:A deficiência de vitamina D é comum em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal submetidos a ileostomia e está associada com níveis baixos de hemoglobina. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar se a suplementação de vitamina D pode ser um adjuvante no tratamento de anemia da doença crônica nesses pacientes.

Successful endoscopic treatment of fecalith blocking sinus in a patient with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis / Tratamento endoscópico bem-sucedido de fecálito bloqueando seio em paciente com anastomose bolsa ileal-anal

Background: Ulcerative colitis patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis can develop various mechanical complications. Among them is presacral sinus resulting from chronic anastomotic leak. Methods: We present a symptomatic patient with a large fecalith blocking the sinus which was successfully treated with Doppler ultrasound guided endoscopic needle knife sinusotomy along with fecalith extraction. Results: A 67-year-old female presented with a 4-month history of perianal pain and urgency. Pouchocopy showed a 3-cm deep wide-mouthed anastomotic sinus, the orifice of which was blocked by a large hard fecalith. Removal of the fecalith using RothNet, Tripod, or Basket were made but failed. Then needle knife was applied to cut the orifice to enlarge the opening of the sinus. One month later, the patient returned and the fecalith was successfully removed with two Baskets and two Rothnets. Six months after fecalith extraction, pouchoscopy showed a compartalized distal pouch sinus with two cavities, which was treated by two sessions of Doppler ultrasound guided endoscopic needle knife sinusotomy. Six months following the treatment, the sinus was completed healed. The patient tolerated all procedures well without any complication. Conclusion: Fecalith blocking pouch anastomotic sinus is a rare complication in patients with restorative proctocolectomy. In our case, this surgical complication was successfully treated with a carefully planned, stepwise endoscopy approach. (AU)

Experiênria: Pacientes com colite ulcerativa tratados por proctocolectomia restauradora com anastomose bolsa ileal-anal podem ser acometidos por diversas complicações mecânicas. Entre elas, cita-se o seio pré-sacral resultante de vazamento crônico pela anastomose. Métodos: Apresentamos uma paciente sintomática com um grande fecálito bloqueando o seio, com tratamento bem-sucedido com sinusotomia por bisturi-agulha guiado por ultrassom, juntamente com a extração do fecálito. Resultados: Mulher, 67 anos, apresentou-se com história de 4 meses de dor perianal e urgência. A avaliação endoscópica da bolsa ileal revelou um seio anastomótico com grande abertura situada a 3 cm de profundidade, cujo orifício estava bloqueado por um grande fecálito endurecido. Foi tentada sem sucesso a remoção do fecálito com a ajuda de Roth-Net, Tripod, ou cestos recuperadores. Depois dessas tentativas, aplicamos um bisturi-agulha com o objetivo de seccionar o orifício com vistas à ampliação da abertura do seio. Um mês depois, a paciente retornou, e o fecálito foi removido com sucesso com dois cestos recuperadores e dois RothNets. Transcorridos seis meses após a remoção do fecálito, uma avaliação endoscópica da bolsa ileal revelou um seio distal compartimentado com duas cavidades, tratado por duas sessões de sinusotomia endoscópica por bisturi-agulha guiado por ultrassom. Seis meses depois do tratamento, o seio estava completamente curado. A paciente tolerou satisfatoriamente todos os procedimentos, sem qualquer complicação. Conclusão: A presença de um fecálito bloqueando o seio anastomótico de bolsa ileal é complicação rara em pacientes submetidos a uma proctocolectomia restauradora. Em nosso caso, essa complicação cirúrgica foi tratada com sucesso com uma abordagem endoscópica em etapas, cuidadosamente planejada. (AU)

Closure of leak at the tip of the "J" after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis using a novel over-the-scope clipping system / Fechamento de vazamento na extremidade de bolsa ileal em J após anastomose bolsa ileal-anal usando um novo sistema "over-the-scope" clip (OTSC)

OBJECTIVE: leaks from the body or the tip of the J-pouch can occur after restorative proctocolecotmy. Although it may follow an indolent clinical course, it often requires surgical repair or pouch revision. Here we describe a novel endoscopic approach to close the leak at the tip of the J pouch. DESIGN: pouchoscopy was performed under sedation and endoscopic over-the-scope clipping system was used for the management of a leak from the tip of a J-pouch. RESULTS: under sedation, a pouchoscopy was performed and the deep tip of "J" leak was detected with a guidewire, along with water-contrasted pouchogram. The contained cavity from the leak was cleaned with hydrogen peroxide and 50% dextrose. Debridement of the epithelialized mouth of the leak was performed with an endoscopic cytology brush. Then endoscopic over-the-scope clipping system was used and the leak defect was completely closed. There was no bleeding or perforation. The entire procedure took 25 min. The patient continued to do well and reported resolution of the low back pain symptom. CONCLUSION: we reported the first case in the literature that a leak from the tip of a J-pouch was endoscopically occluded using a novel over-the-scope clipping system. (AU)

OBJETIVE: vazamentos do corpo da bolsa e da extremidade da bolsa ileal em J podem ocorrer após proctocolectomia restauradora. Embora possam apresentar um curso clínico indolente, muitas vezes requerem procedimentos abdominais. DESENHO: endoscopia da bolsa ileal foi realizada sob sedação e clipagem endoscópica usando o sistema "over-the-scope" foi utilizada para fechar um vazamento na extremidade da bolsa ileal em "J". RESULTADOS: sob sedação, uma endoscopia de bolsa ileal foi realizada e a extremidade profunda do vazamento da bolsa ileal em "J" foi detectada com um fio-guia. A cavidade que continha o vazamento foi limpa com peróxido de hidrogênio e 50% de dextrose. Desbridamento da borda epitelizada do vazamento foi realizada com uma escova de citologia endoscópica. Então o sistema endoscópico "over-the-scope" clip foi usado e o vazamento foi completamente fechado. Não houve sangramento ou perfuração. O processo todo levou 25 minutos. O paciente evoluiu bem e relatou a resolução do sintoma de dor lombar. CONCLUSÃO: relatamos o primeiro caso na literatura de vazamento na extremidade de bolsa ileal em J que foi fechado através de procedimento endoscópico usando um novo sistema "over-the-scope" clip (OTSC). (AU)

Needle knife-assisted polypectomy in hot snare-resistant fibrotic inflammatory polyps / Polipectomia assistida por bisturi-agulha em pólipos inflamatórios fibróticos resistentes à cauterização por laço

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory polyps are common sequelae in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Those polyps can usually be removed with snare polypectomy. There were limited data evaluating the management of hot snare-resistant inflammatory polyps. METHODS: We reported on two cases with hot snare-resistant inflammatory polyps, one was a Crohn's disease (CD) patient with the polyp at the ileo-colonic anastomosis (ICA) and the other one was an ulcerative colitis (UC) patient with polyp at the pouch inlet. RESULTS: Sedated endoscopy was performed, which showed a large 2.5 cm pedunculated polyp at the ICA in the first patient and a large 5 cm pedunculated polyp at the pouch inlet in the second patient. Hot snare polypectomy was initially attempted, but failed in both patients. Then endoscopic needle knife polypectomy was performed, which helped complete polypectomy. Both procedures took approximately 25 minutes each. The patients tolerated the procedure well and continued to do well after the procedure. The final pathological diagnoses for both patients were inflammatory polyps with extensive fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic needle knife-assisted polypectomy appeared to be an effective technique for the management of hot snare-resistant inflammatory polyps. (AU)

EXPERIÊNCIA: Pólipos inflamatórios são sequelas comuns em pacientes com doença intestinal inflamatória (DII). Geralmente esses pólipos podem ser removidos pela polipectomia por cauterização com laço. São limitados os dados que avaliam o tratamento de pólipos inflamatórios resistentes à cauterização por laço. MÉTODOS: Descrevemos dois casos com pólipos inflamatórios resistentes à cauterização por laço; um deles se tratava de paciente com doença de Crohn (DC) com o pólipo na anastomose íleo-colônica (AIC), e o outro era paciente de colite ulcerativa (CU) com pólipo na entrada da bolsa. RESULTADOS: Foi efetuada uma endoscopia com o paciente sedado, demonstrando um grande pólipo pedunculado (2,5 cm) na AIC do primeiro paciente e um grande pólipo pedunculado (5 cm) na abertura da bolsa no segundo paciente. Inicialmente, foi tentada polipectomia por cauterização com laço, que falhou nos dois pacientes. Foi então executada a polipectomia assistida por bisturi-agulha, que ajudou na polipectomia completa. Os dois procedimentos levaram 25 minutos cada. Os pacientes toleraram satisfatoriamente o procedimento e, depois da polipectomia, ficaram bem. Os diagnósticos patológicos finais para os dois pacientes foram pólipos inflamatórios com fibrose extensa. CONCLUSÕES: Ao que parece, a polipectomia endoscópica por bisturi-agulha é técnica efetiva para o tratamento de pólipos inflamatórios resistentes à cauterização por laço. (AU)

Management of ileal pouch prolapse with endoscopic hot snare / Tratamento de prolapso da bolsa ileal com alca diatermica endoscopica

Pouch prolapse is a complication following the creation of restorative proctocolectomy. There is a paucity of information in the literature pertaining to its management. An ileal J pouch patient with dyschezia presented to our Pouch Center. Under sedation, pouchoscopy was performed with a gastroscope. We detected an anterior distal pouch mucosal prolapse, 1.5 cm in diameter, blocking the anal canal. The prolapsed mucosa was excised with hot snare under a retroflex view. There was no bleeding or perforation. The entire procedure took 25 minutes. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged home 30 minutes after post-procedural observation. The patient reported the resolution of the dyschezia symptom. The histopathological examination of excised specimen showed small bowel mucosa and sub-mucosa with changes compatible with mucosal prolapse. Endoscopic hot snare appears to be feasible in the management of pouch mucosal prolapse. (AU)

O prolapso da bolsa ileal é uma complicação que pode surgir após a criação da proctocolectomia restauradora. As informações na literatura são escassas quanto ao tratamento. Um paciente com bolsa ileal em "J" e apresentando disquezia deu entrada em nosso centro médico. Sob sedação, realizamos uma endoscopia da bolsa ileal. Detectamos uma bolsa distal anterior com prolapso da mucosa, com 1,5 cm de diâmetro, bloqueando o canal anal. O prolapso da mucosa foi retirado com alça diatérmica sob visão retroflexa. Não houve sangramento ou perfuração. A duração de todo o processo foi de 25 minutos. O paciente tolerou bem o procedimento e recebeu alta após 30 minutos de observação pós-procedimento. O paciente relatou a resolução do sintoma de disquezia. O exame histopatológico do espécime extirpado mostrou a mucosa e submucosa do intestino delgado com alterações compatíveis com o prolapso da mucosa. A alça diatérmica endoscópica parece ser viável no tratamento de prolapso da mucosa da bolsa ileal. (AU)

Endoscopic management of anastomotic bleeding in the ileal pouch with staples removal and clipping / Abordagem endoscópica do sangramento anastomótico da bolsa ileal com a remoção dos grampos e clipagem

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative pouch bleeding is a rare but detrimental complication following ileal pouch surgery. It is usually self-limited, however continuous bleeding requires intervention. There is limited published data on its management. DESIGN: Ileoscopy via stoma for loop ileostomy and pouchoscopy via anus for ileal pouch were performed under sedation for the purpose of diagnosis and management of postoperative bleeding. RESULTS: Ileoscopy demonstrated a large, long blood clot in the lumen of efferent limb, but no sign of active bleeding was identified. Pouchoscopy showed that lumen of pouch body as well as afferent limb was filled with maroon-colored liquid stool. Pouch and neo-terminal ileum mucosa was normal. Two dislodged staples at the anastomotic line with sharp tips towards the lumen were found, with activating bleeding at one site. The staples were removed by biopsy forceps, and active bleeding was successfully controlled by the deployment of one endoclip. CONCLUSIONS: We reported the first case that postoperative pouch bleeding, which was caused by dislodged staples, was successfully managed by endoscopic removal of the staples combined with clipping. (AU)

OBJETIVO: O sangramento pós-operatório da bolsa ileal é uma complicação rara, mas prejudicial após abordagem cirúrgica da bolsa ileal. Esse sangramento é geralmente autolimitado, porém, requer intervenção quando contínuo. Não há dados publicados sobre o tratamento. MÉTODO: Ileoscopia através de estoma para ileostomia em alça e endoscopia via ânus para a bolsa ileal foram realizadas sob sedação para diagnóstico e tratamento do sangramento pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: A ileoscopia demonstrou um grande e longo coágulo sanguíneo no lúmen do ramo eferente, mas nenhum sinal de sangramento ativo foi identificado. A endoscopia da bolsa ileal mostrou que os lumens do corpo da bolsa e ramo aferente estavam cheios de fezes líquidas de cor marrom. A bolsa e a mucosa do íleo neoterminal estavam normais. Dois grampos deslocados na linha da anastomose e com pontas afiadas em direção ao lúmen foram encontrados, com sangramento ativo em um dos locais. Os grampos foram removidos com pinça de biópsia e o sangramento ativo controlado com sucesso pela implantação de um endoclipe. CONCLUSÃO: Relatamos o primeiro caso em que o sangramento pós-operatório da bolsa ileal causado por grampos deslocados foi controlado com sucesso pela remoção endoscópica dos grampos combinada com clipagem. (AU)

CHRNA5 polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer in a Chinese population

Polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit CHRNA5 gene have been associated with lung cancer positive susceptibility in European and American populations. In the present hospital-based, case-control study, we determined whether polymorphism in rs503464 of CHRNA5 is associated with lung cancer risk in Chinese individuals. A single nucleotide polymorphism in CHRNA5 rs503464, c.-166T>A (hereafter T>A), was identified using TaqMan-MGB probes with sequencing via PCR in 600 lung cancer cases and 600 healthy individuals. Genotype frequencies for rs503464 (T>A) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the control population. However, genotype frequencies were significantly different between cases and controls (P < 0.05), while allele frequencies were not significantly different between groups. Compared to homozygous genotypes (TT or AA), the risk of lung cancer in those with the heterozygous genotype (TA) was significantly lower (OR = 0.611, 95%CI = 0.486-0.768, P = 0.001). Using genotype AA as a reference, the risk of lung cancer for those with genotype TA was increased 1.5 times (OR = 1.496, 95%CI = 1.120-1.997, P = 0.006). However, no difference in risk was observed between T allele carriers and A allele carriers (OR = 0.914, 95%CI = 0.779-1.073, P = 0.270). Stratification analysis showed that the protective effect of TA was more pronounced in those younger than 60 years, nonsmokers, or those without a family history of cancer, as well as in patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma in clinical stages III or IV (P < 0.05). Therefore, the heterozygous genotype c.-166T>A at rs503464 of CHRNA5 may be associated with reduced risk of lung cancer, thus representing a susceptibility allele in Chinese individuals.

Identification of a new Puumala hantavirus subtype in rodents from China / 病毒学报

In order to detect the nucleic acid of Puumala hantavirus, RNA was extracted from lungs of bank voles captured in Northeast China, and partial S and M genome segments of Puumala virus were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Chinese Puumala virus had diverged from the common node of PUUV, with accumulating nucleotide substitutions and formed a distinct lineage from other Puumala viruses. Newly found Puumala virus was most closely related to the Kamiiso-8Cr-95 and Tobetsu-60Cr-93 strains which came from Japan and the muju strains which came from South Korea. By analysis of S and M genome segments of Puumala virus, we deduced a new Puumala virus subtype did exist in Northeast China.